Previous work found greater prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence among male then female first-time DUI offenders (Lapham et al., 2001) but higher rates of alcohol dependence among female than male recidivists (Lapham et al., 2006; Laplante et al., 2008). In the current study, inspection of individual alcohol criteria revealed evidence of greater severity among female offenders, including those with just one DUI. Female DUI offenders were more likely than males to drink despite negative consequences such as marital, health and emotional problems. Continued use in the context of negative life consequences may be associated with behavioral under control, a trait which might be over-represented among women with DUIs. In a survey of drivers from the general population, women expressed more social and moral inhibitions against drinking and driving than did men (Marelich, Berger, & McKenna, 2000), which suggests that women who do drive after drinking are not similarly constrained. Behavioral under control might also be associated with the high endorsement of alcohol withdrawal by women with DUIs, since it shares some genetic risk with alcohol dependence (Slutske et al.,
