The present study was focused only on men, and potential gender effects on risk and P300 change could not be examined. Results with high-risk young women are less consistent than those seen with high-risk young men. Although some support has accrued for a possible Gender × Risk Status interaction (e.g., Hill, Muka, Steinhauer, & Locke, 1995; Steinhauer & Hill, 1993; Hill & Steinhauer, 1993), amplitude reduction may also be present in high-risk girls (e.g., Carlson et al., 2002; Reese & Polich, 2003; van der Stelt, Geesken, Gunning, Snel, & Kok, 1998; Yoon, Iacono, Malone, & McGue, 2006). The results of the present study should not be generalized to young women.
