could be identified by the whole genome mapping of 23 strains of common inbred mice, 2) that techniques such as combining the mapping results of related phenotypes and re-sampling of strain information can be used to help rank the candidate genes for in-depth structural and functional analysis, 3) that the Dcc gene is computationally associated with several opioid maladaptations of interest, and 4) that Dcc heterozygous mice display resilience to the development of opioid maladaptations. Thus we have used a refined set of genetic mapping tools to discover and subsequently confirm a novel gene controlling maladaptations to chronic opioid use.
