Parents and teachers used the anger and sadness scales from the CBQ to rate children’s negative emotionality (Rothbart et al., 2001). Two items from the anger/frustration scale were rated by experts as measuring problem behaviors more than temperament (Eisenberg et al., 2004) and were thus excluded (resulting in 11 items for parents and 8 for teachers; αs at T1 and T3 = .78 and .76 for parents and .88 and .83 for teachers). Sadness (e.g., “Tends to become sad if plans don’t work out”) was assessed with 10 items for parents (αs at T1 and T3 were .64 and .60) and 8 items for teachers (2 items were not used with teachers because they were not appropriate for school; αs = .73 and .70). Three additional items were dropped due to being rated by experts as more indicative of maladjustment.
