Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY). Log-transformed (natural log) ERO theta power (3.5–7.5 Hz) values derived from 12 electrodes representing 4 regions, viz., frontal (F3, FZ, F4), central (C3, CZ, C4), parietal (P3, PZ, P4), and occipital (O1, OZ, O2), were used in the analysis. A repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) of the general linear model (GLM) was used, involving Risk Group (HR and LR), Age Group (12–15 and 16–25 years), and Gender (male and female) as between-subjects factors, and Task condition (Loss and Gain) and Region (frontal, central, parietal, and occipital) as within-subjects factors. Although affected status (i.e., individuals with any externalizing diagnosis as shown in Table 2) was initially used as a covariate in the RM-ANOVA model, it was removed from the later analysis which is presented here, as the covariate showed neither a main effect nor any interaction effect with any factors in the model. The RM-ANOVA results were extracted from the multivariate test statistics (http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSLVMB_20.0.0/com.ibm.spss.statistics.help/alg_glmrm_within-subjects.htm) as the ERO data for the within-subjects factors did not adhere to sphericity assumptions (i.e.,
