β c Drop β e % hitsnsim% hitsnsim% hitsnsimrM,T .24 via A Ext univariate.042000.042000.041998 Full bivariate.012000.012000.042000 p < .001 p < .001 p = .88rM,T .24 via C Ext univariate.042000.042000.052000 Full bivariate.011999.011998.042000 p < .001 p < .001 p = .08rM,T .24 via E Ext univariate.051998.041999.051999 Full bivariate.011996.011996.052000 p < .001 p < .001 p = .65rM,T = .24 via A, C and E in equal proportions Ext univariate.042000.052000.052000 Full bivariate.022000.012000.052000 p < .005 p < .001 p = .43rM,T = .62 via A, C and E in equal proportions Ext univariate.051998.052000.052000 Full bivariate.022000.022000.052000 p < .001 p < .001 p = .94rM1,M2 = 0 (fully E), rM,T = .24 Ext univariate.051999.052000.041999rM1,M2 = 1 (fully C), rM,T = .24 Ext univariate.032000.032000.051999 Note: β a, β c, and β e denote the moderation parameters on the variance components unique to T (see Fig. 1). nsim denotes the number of data sets (out of 2000) for which the extended univariate moderation model and the full bivariate moderation model converged without problems. % hits denotes the percentage (of the nsim converged models) that the likelihood-ratio test was smaller than the critical value 3.84 (i.e., significant given α = .05). % hits outside the