that smokers may experience negative affect such as guilt following relapse, particularly if the slip is attributed to stable internal rather than to situational determinants (Curry, Marlatt, & Gordon, 1987; Marlatt, 1985). Thus, both relapsers and abstainers might experience negative affect, but as the result of different levels of emotional processing, which may only be evident depending on the measurement modality. One possible solution is to use multimodal measures of negative affect, including psychophysiological measures that might be more sensitive to hot processing and not as susceptible to the cognitively mediated evaluations presumably captured by self-report.
