likely to have co-occurred with the sexual abuse (in our sample of alcohol dependent individuals, 70% of those who experienced sexual abuse also experienced emotional abuse). While we controlled for gender effects in our analyses, the results indicate that gender did not contribute to alcohol dependence severity, suggesting that emotional abuse may be an important risk factor for both men and women. It is possible, however, that gender effects would emerge in a larger sample, with different types of trauma having more gender-specific influences. As the number of women in our inpatient research programs increases, we hope to be able to address this question in the future.
