The OL/myelin deficits observed in the above neurological disorders highlight the critical need for therapeutics to preserve mature OLs, promote new oligodendrogenesis, and support the regeneration of myelin (‘remyelination’). In this Perspective, we cover the range of injury to OLs and intrinsic versus extrinsic influences on OLs, and reflect on how this knowledge may be harnessed for therapeutic development.
