alcohol outlet density). Further refinement of known risk factors may allow for better prediction of those at risk of developing an SUD. We did observe variation in the predictive ability of the CERI across cohorts, suggesting the observed effect may differ in magnitude across populations. We therefore urge caution in overinterpreting study results. Finally, while we tried to ensure time order between risk factors and onset of disorder, some risk factors (particularly adolescent substance use) could have occurred concurrently with diagnosis. Future work in samples with risk factors measured before the initiation of substance use (such as the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study) will be important for replication efforts.
