ancestry define a single common haplotype.19 At the same time, the finding of importance of this gene cluster has been replicated by candidate gene association studies in persons of Asian ancestry8, 11 and different ND phenotype-cotinine concentrations,9 neural responses,121 smoking cessation successes,122-124 ages of initiation,125 and CPD during pregnancy.126 The two most replicated variants in candidate gene association studies, rs16969968 and rs1051730, are consistent with the GWAS results. Please refer to Table 2 for details.
