et al., 2008; Nie et al., 2004) (Figure 2P). However, in some CeA neurons, the ethanol and CRF effects on GABA transmission are additive, suggesting distinct mechanisms of action. In the dorsolateral striatum, however, ethanol inhibits GABA release by enhancing enkephalin release and presynaptic delta opiate receptor activation (Patton et al., 2016). Thus, ethanol-induced neuropeptide release modulates GABA release in a synapse-specific manner. Neuropeptide release is certainly not involved in ethanol’s actions on GABA release at all synapses, as evidenced by potentiation in isolated neuron preparations (Criswell et al., 2008; Zhu and Lovinger, 2006).
