statistical power to link genes to health-related traits repeatedly documented over time in the EHR than can ordinarily be achieved in prospective studies23, justifying the lower resolution of EHR data. However, because the MVP sample is predominantly comprised of EA males, statistical power was limited in both the GWAS and the post-GWAS analyses of other populations and some female samples. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to identify additional variation contributing to these alcohol-related traits and to elucidate their interrelationship.