conditions allow examination of disease-associated processes in the more vulnerable dopaminergic neurons in comparison to the less vulnerable non-dopaminergic neurons. We next demonstrate that functional studies such as axonal transport of mitochondria and neurite outgrowth can be performed in these cultures. These methods will advance the use of iPSCs as patient-specific disease models, in particular in age-related disorders, by studying the timeline of pathological mechanisms in specific neuronal subtypes.
