Human forebrain neurons without astrocyte co-culture were used for gene expression analyses. Total RNA was isolated using mir Vana kit (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For qPCR, a total of 1 μg RNA was used to synthesize cDNA with the SuperScript III First-Strand Synthesis System (Invitrogen). Quantitative RT–PCR was then performed using SYBR green (Applied Biosystems) and the StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems). Quantitative levels for all genes were normalized to the housekeeping gene GAPDH and expressed relative to the relevant control samples. All primer sequences are listed in Supplementary Table 1c.
