Based on our analysis of eigenmaps estimated from data for each continent in the HGDP sample, we can see that individuals cluster with remarkable consistency by population and geographic region (Figure 2, Supplementary Figures 1–2). For instance, the six African populations formed six clusters with near perfect concordance; the eight European populations formed five clusters, distinguishing the Adygei, French Basque, Russian and Sardinian and grouping the French, Northern Italian, Tuscan and Orcadian populations.
