Participants were 191 adolescents 13 to 18 years of age recruited via advertisements to the local community, through university e-mail listings, and from an additional ongoing study (Collaborative Studies on Genetics of Alcoholism [COGA]).22 The current study is part of a larger project on brain maturation and participant recruitment, for which inclusion/exclusion criteria, and participant characteristics have been previously reported.6 All participants were right-handed and had an IQ of 80 or higher as determined by the brief form of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence.23 Table 1 provides demographic information. To be included in the study, participants were required to screen negative for severe head injury, severe headaches, seizures, stroke, or brain surgery; metal in the body; and history of psychiatric or neurological disorders with the exception of externalizing disorders (EDs) including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional-defiant disorder, conduct disorder, or antisocial personality disorder assessed using the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA).24 FHN participants (n = 96) were required to meet all of the above criteria for study participation in addition to lacking a biological parent with AUD and
