NURF and CBP pulldowns from ES Cell extracts were preformed essentially as described above from 500 mM KCl nuclei extractions made as previously described [71]. The extract was diluted 1∶3 with 25 mM Hepes pH 7.4, 0.5 mM MgCl2, 0.01% NP40 with protease inhibitors (Roche) prior to binding to resin bound GST-Smads. The beads were washed with 500 µl binding buffer three times at 4°C and re-suspended in a final volume of 30 µl. Proteins were eluted from the beads by adding 5 µl 6× SDS sample buffer and incubating at 37°C for 30 min. Proteins were resolved on 4% or 8% polyacrylamide gels and transferred to PVDF (Biorad) and prepared for Western blotting as described above.