Kaprio, Koskenvuo, & Sarna, 1981; Madden et al., 1999; Medlund, Cederlof, Floderus-Myrhed, Friberg, & Sorensen, 1976; True et al., 1997). Moreover, several genetic polymorphisms have also been found to impact therapeutic effectiveness for nicotine use disorders (Colilla et al., 2005; Johnstone et al., 2007; Uhl et al., 2008). Genetic screening may identify individuals who will best respond to naltrexone for the reduction of problem drinking (Anton et al., 2008; Oslin et al., 2003). Therefore, a major challenge for the future rests in translating knowledge regarding the genet ic epidemiology of SUD into effective treatment stratagies for individuals attempting to successfully maintain abstinence. As this challenge is addressed, assisting those affected with SUD to achieve a sustanined abstinence remains an achievable goal.
