The ethics committee of the Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine approved this study, and full informed consent was obtained for each participant. nIHH was defined by conventional criteria (supplementary methods). Normal karyotypes were confirmed and mutations in GNRHR, GNRH1, GPR54, KISS1, KAL1, NELF, PROK2, PROK2R and FGFR1 genes were ruled out by sequencing. Whole genome SNP analysis used 250K NspI Affymetrix SNP microarrays (Affymetrix, CA, USA) and data were analyzed using AutoSNPa software9. PCR-amplified exons and splice junctions of TAC3 or TACR3 were sequenced on an ABI PRISM 3130 autosequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). For primer sequences and annealing temperatures see supplementary Table 2.
