One item was available at Wave 1 for adolescent perceived interparental conflict: “Thinking about your parents or guardians, how often would you say they argue or disagree with each other?” This item was scored on a scale that ranged from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Higher values indicate greater child perception of interparental conflict. Adolescent perceived interparental positivity was assessed at Wave 1 using two items: (a) “Thinking about your parents or guardians, in general, how happy do you think they are with their relationship?” and (b) “How often do your parents or guardians hug, kiss, hold hands, or say nice things to each other?” The former item was scored on scale that ranged from 1 (very unhappy) to 5 (very happy) and the latter on one that ranged from 1 (never) to 5 (always) scale. These two items, with r = .46, were averaged to create a composite measure.
