We elected to use DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) lifetime criteria for alcohol dependence, the endorsement of 3 or more of 7 dependence criteria that clustered within a single 12-month period, because it represents a more severe form of the diagnosis than the DSM-5. Age of onset of alcohol dependence (DSM-IV) was used in survival analyses, with those who had not met criteria for DSM4AD censored at their age at the last interview.
