Male flies (n=50) were transferred to perforated vials containing 1% agar capped with a mesh lid as described previously. The flies were allowed to habituate to the environment 15 min prior to exposure to air or 53% ethanol vapor for 10 min under light conditions. Activity was filmed using a Sony HDR-SR12 Digital HD Video Camera Recorder (Sony Corporation, Japan). Recorded activity was hand scored as the percent of flies showing active locomotion during each 30-sec interval for 10 min.