Results were similar for the other statistical tests, and for other proportions of HIV samples assigned as cases (we experimented with 90%, 80%, and 70%, as well as 30%, 20%, and 10%). We note that when the proportion of HIV individuals assigned as cases was above 50% the induced inflation was higher than when the proportion was below 50%, which could be due to a population genetic excess of rare variants in Swiss and European-American samples as compared to Swedish samples.