than 0.5, at 30 loci across 22 traits (Fig. 5c, Table 2 and Supplementary Fig. 1.12), five of which were found in the HLA. These CNVs include three previously identified CNV-trait associations13–15, which represent all the positive controls for this analysis, thus the remainder represent plausible candidates for the causal variants. Further fine-mapping experiments in large sample sets are required to assess which variants on these associated haplotypes are indeed causal.