Both the ubiquination pathway (p=9.6 × 10-5) (Table 1) and the cell adhesion process (Table S5 in Supplement 1) were significantly enriched in our cohort, and both have been identified by similar pathway analyses of ASD cohorts (37). Our findings with regard to axonal guidance, neuronal development, and synaptic structure and function processes are likewise consistent with prior studies of ASD (34, 37, 55).