Ethanol can also interact directly with non-ion-channel targets, including intracellular signaling molecules such as protein kinase C (PKC) (Pany and Das, 2015; Ron and Barak, 2016) and adenylate cyclase (AC) (Yoshimura et al., 2006). The physiological consequences of these effects of ethanol are not fully clear, but roles in the effects of drugs on synaptic transmission are emerging, as discussed later in this review.
