radial diffusivity (RD; mean=0.53 vs. 0.44) compared to same-sex controls, whereas abstinent women with AUD had higher FA (mean=0.58 vs. 0.55) and lower RD (mean=0.47 vs. 0.50) compared to same-sex controls (Rivas-Grajales et al., 2018). These findings suggest sexual dimorphism in the reward system in relation to AUD. These studies are consistent with findings in adolescent binge-drinkers (Squeglia et al., 2012), suggesting that structural alterations in cerebral white matter may arise with acute alcohol use and, thus, precede chronic patterns of alcohol consumption (Sawyer et al., 2018). In a recent large study of 218 participants from the Human Connectome Project, an advanced diffusion model was used to examine white matter integrity in individuals FHP for AUD (Waters, Sawyer, & Gansler, 2019). Although FHP was related to reduced white matter density compared to FHN controls, there was no interaction between SG and family history (Waters et al., 2019). Nonetheless, there is some indication that structural abnormalities in white matter related to AUD may be SG-dependent; specifically, that white matter abnormalities may be greater in men with AUD.
