Twenty nine young adult children of alcoholics (COA) (17 males and 12 females; mean age: 20.1 ± 1.2; range: 18–22) and fifteen controls (7 males and 8 females; mean age 20.0 ± 1.3; range: 18–22) who were genotyped for the GABRA2 SNPs also participated in the fMRI study. All were Caucasian, right-handed, and were a sub-set of unrelated MLS offspring. All had passed the exclusionary screen criterion of no fetal alcohol effects when recruited as children. Control subjects also were unrelated and had no parental history of AUD.