transition to AUD diagnosis in EA women. The majority of those who endorsed “witnessing another being killed or injury” (62.4%) first experience this type of trauma after they had already initiated drinking. Therefore, as our analyses relied on time-varying data, the risk conferred by witnessing injury or death for these individuals only contributed to later stages of alcohol involvement. PTSD was not revealed as a risk factor; however, we only considered PTSD diagnosis and not sub-threshold levels of posttraumatic distress.
