As noted above, one common problem with traditional ERP measures is the substantial spatial and temporal overlap between components (Spencer et al., 1999), and because the N2 and P3 overlap in time and topographic distribution, joint TF analysis was used to parse activity that has differing spatial and/or temporal information. This method has been shown to effectively extract separable frequency components that overlap in time from several common ERP components (Bernat et al., 2005; Bernat et al., 2007; Bernat et al., 2011; Hall et al., 2007).
