prefrontal contributions to reward-based learning and outcome monitoring across development from childhood to old age [177,178], and may also reflect changes associated with the salience of reward information as well as the declining ability to monitor and control behavior across the life span [179]. In an fMRI task comparing age groups during reward processing, Bjork et al. [180] found that compared with young adults (22–28 years of age), adolescents (12–17 years of age) displayed less recruitment of the right ventral striatum and right-extended amygdala while anticipating responding to gains. Recent fMRI studies have further confirmed differences in reward processing mechanisms between adolescents and adults [181–183].
