African Americans compared with European and Asian Americans (Edenberg and McClintick, 2018). Therefore, aggregate testing can be particularly suitable to projects involving different ancestral groups because they focus on functional units rather than individual variants and it is not necessary to observe the same variants or frequencies across cases. Meta-analysis methods have been developed that are able to encompass heterogeneous genetic effects across studies and are applicable to cross-ancestry meta-analysis (Lee et al., 2013; Tang and Lin, 2015).
