We also investigated the effect of genotype on AUDIT scores and smoking in models adjusting for not only age and gender but also smoking and AUDIT scores, respectively. Finally, a logistic regression analysis was performed for the associated SNP to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for individuals with high level of alcohol problems, i.e. AUDIT ≥ 16 (n = 256) compared with alcohol abstainers, i.e. AUDIT ≤ 1 (n = 563).