The Genetics of Recurrent Early-Onset Depression (GenRED) project is creating a large clinical sample, based in the National Institute of Mental Health repository program, for molecular genetic studies of MDD. GenRED I recruited affected sibling pair families for linkage studies10, 15, 16, and GenRED II is currently recruiting additional cases for association studies. We have focused on probands with recurrent MDD, early age at onset and positive family history as indices of increased genetic risk.