The diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of the 11 DSM-5 diagnostic criteria are present (Box 2). Despite the availability of valid screening methods for unhealthy alcohol use, in 2011, only 1 in 6 U.S. adults and 1 in 4 respondents who acknowledged binge drinking reported ever having been asked by a health professional about their drinking.32 Three methods to screen for heavy alcohol use have been recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force:31 the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT),33 the AUDIT-C,34 or with a single-question, such as, “How many times in the past year have you had 5 (for men) or 4 (for women) or more drinks in a day?”31 The AUDIT, a 10-item self-report instrument (available at https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Audit.pdf), asks about drinking and alcohol-related consequences during the preceding year.33 AUDIT scores range from 0–40, with higher scores indicating greater likelihood of harmful drinking. The first three AUDIT items measure the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption and comprise the AUDIT-C, whose scores range from 0–12, with higher scores indicating greater alcohol consumption.34 A meta-analysis of
