Our study represents one of the first examples in which specific genes and environmental risks are jointly studied to understand how environmental risk might modify the genetic risks for nicotine dependence. Testing the hypothesis that level of parent monitoring modifies the known risk of nicotine dependence associated with two distinct variants in nicotinic receptors (CHRNA5 and CHRNA3), we found a statistically significant interaction between level of parent monitoring and SNP rs16969968 (CHRNA5) but not SNP rs3743078 (CHRNA3).
