Race/ethnicity also had significant direct effects for both genders. Compared with their White counterparts with the same AUD severity, Black males were more likely to report tolerance, withdrawal, and legal problems and less likely to report hazardous use, whereas Black females were more likely to report tolerance and withdrawal and less likely to report continued to drink despite psychological/physical problems and hazardous use. Hispanic males were more likely to report withdrawal, give up activities, role obligation failure, and legal problems and less likely to report cut down, continued to drink despite psychological/physical problems, and hazardous use. Hispanic females were less likely to report cut down and continued to drink despite psychological/physical problems. Asian males were more likely to report tolerance and role obligation failure and less likely to report hazardous use. Asian females were more likely to report tolerance and less likely to report cut down. Native/Alaskan males were more likely to report legal problems, and non-Hispanic males with more than one race (i.e., other) were less likely to report hazardous use.
