In this report, we demonstrate how single-trial multiple regression analyses can help elucidate brain-behavior relationships, specifically linking cortical electrophysiological oscillatory dynamics to cognitive control processes. The heart of the issue is attempting to resolve the “many-to-many” mapping problem: in many cognitive neuroscience experiments, there are many behavioral and many experimental dynamics, and many indices of electrophysiological brain activity (e.g., over time, space, frequency), that vary from trial to trial. Determining which measurements of behavioral dynamics correspond to which measurements of brain activity is difficult but of central importance to cognitive neuroscience.
