Chunk #4 — METHODS — Univariable Mendelian randomization

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Extending the MR-Egger method for multivariable Mendelian randomization to correct for both measured and unmeasured pleiotropy.

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In a univariable MR analysis, each genetic variant must satisfy the following criteria to be a valid instrumental variable (IV): IV1: The variant is associated with the risk factor X,IV2: The variant is independent of all confounders U of the risk factor‐outcome association, andIV3: The variant is independent of the outcome Y conditional on the risk factor X and confounders U.13