Meta-analytic reviews of work–family conflict have shown a multitude of antecedents predicting WIF and FIW. Nonpsychological stressors, such as time demands, have been identified as significant predictors of WIF, whereas having many children has been associated with FIW (Byron, 2005; Michel et al., 2011). Psychological stressors, such as role overload (i.e., the perception of having too many tasks in a family or work role and too little time to complete the tasks), predict the overall work–family conflict. However, past researchers have recognized that the impacts of WIF and FIW are mostly domain specific (Amstad et al., 2011). In other words, WIF is mostly associated with work-related problems, such as lower well-being at work, and FIW with family-related problems, such as lower family satisfaction. WIF and FIW are both negatively associated with well-being and performance at work (Amstad et al., 2011).
