Approximately 2.3% of the bipolar patients with BPD were treated with ECT as compared to 1.5% of the patients without BPD (p < 0.001). Consequently, bipolar patients with BPD had a greater likelihood of utilizing ECT as an integral part of psychiatric management (OR = 1.442; 95% CI 1.373–1.515; p < 0.001) compared to patients without BPD. The key inpatient outcomes of bipolar patients with BPD compared with the controls as the reference category in the regression model are shown in Table 3.
