2011). Spatial processing is considered a central component of the FASD neurobehavioral profile (Mattson et al., 2010) and is deficient in children with FASD even when compared to an IQ-matched comparison group (Carmichael Olson, Feldman, Streissguth, Sampson, & Bookstein, 1998). There is also convergent evidence for diffuse verbal deficits in the FASD population including deficits in expressive and receptive language (Adnams et al., 2007; McGee, Bjorkquist, Riley & Mattson, 2009; Wyper & Rasmussen, 2011), word comprehension (Conry, 1990; LaDue, Streissguth, & Randels, 1992; Mattson & Riley, 1998) as well as grammatical and semantic impairments (Becker, Warr-Leeper, & Leeper, 1990). Conversely, verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning are not considered core deficits for subjects with ADHD, although they are impaired on all of these domains compared to controls (Ek et al., 2007; Frazier, et al., 2004; Mayes & Calhoun, 2004; Wechsler, 2003).
