No association was found with the17T allele and opioid dependence in an Indian sample (Kapur et al. 2007), nor in an AA sample (Crowley et al. 2003). A recent large study of HIV+ and HIV- women identified association between the 17TT genotype and a quantitative measure (Kellogg et al. 2003)) for cocaine and alcohol use in AA (Crystal et al. 2010).
