No SNPs reached genome wide significance (α = 7.2*10−8) and the SNP with the lowest p-value for each personality scale explains less than 0.5% of the total variance. Also, the results for the sex-specific association tests for Harm Avoidance and Reward Dependence did not provide any genome-wide significant results (see Supplementary Table, S1), nor did the association tests on the genotyped SNPs on the X-chromosome. The top associated SNPs in the sex-specific analyses explained a higher percentage of the variance (up to almost 2% for males) than those in the full sample, a result that may support sex-specific effects. However, this result should be viewed with caution since smaller samples tend to overestimate the variance explained by the top SNPs (‘the winner’s curse’; Zhong & Prentice, 2010).
