This study utilized data from COGA's prospective study, which collected data from 2004–2019. Details on data collection and procedures have been previously published (Bucholz et al. 2017; Dick et al. 2023). COGA's prospective study comprises offspring, aged 12–22 years at enrollment, from alcohol dependent high‐risk and community comparison families. Participants were assessed approximately every 2 years through clinical interview and questionnaires, behavioral, neuropsychological, and neurophysiological assessments. For this cross‐sectional study, data from the last interview were used for each individual who had both neurophysiological and genetic data. Our analyses included participants who were genetically similar to those from European reference panels (i.e., European‐like or European ancestry). We reviewed the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report on population descriptors and recognize that terminology for genetic ancestry compared to genetic similarity is being considered (NASEM, 2023). Throughout the methods and results, we use the term “European‐like ancestry.”
