The 1,319,138 L1000 profiles reported here represent 42,080 genetic and small molecule perturbations profiled across a variable number of cell types. To our knowledge, this far exceeds any other publicly available resource of cellular perturbation. An important question, however, is the extent to which this CMap resource can be used to discover important biological connections (e.g., to inform MOA of compounds, to discover pathway membership of gene products, or to connect disease states to pathways and small molecules).