The use of human iPS cells to study the action of alcohol is a novel and promising means to evaluate group differences in the response to alcohol exposure, However, much remains to be learned about this approach and additional research is needed to address our study’s limitations. Our electrophysiologic studies were limited to the examination of cells from a single non-alcoholic subject. Examination of receptor responses from cultures derived from multiple alcoholic and non-alcoholic subjects are needed to provide electrophysiologic validation of the expression results. Secondly, we isolated NMDA responses using a low magnesium solution containing DNQX, which allowed the natural agonists (glutamate and glycine) to activate the receptor. Others have reported that inhibition of NMDA receptor currents in response to alcohol is greater in the presence of magnesium when the synthetic agonist NMDA is used (Martin et al., 1991). Future studies may benefit from investigating the effect of alcohol under such conditions. Third, our puff application of neurotransmitters produced a local dilution of alcohol during recordings to examine alteration of receptor responses by bath-applied alcohol. Use of a multi-barrel
