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Chunk #15 — Methods — Illustrative example

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Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression.
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Under the InSIDE assumption, the numerator of the bias term of the ratio estimate for the jth genetic variant α^j is independent of its denominator, γ^j. This means that the bias of the ratio estimate β^j=Γ^jγ^j is inversely proportional to γj. Consequently, ratio estimates for stronger genetic variants (ones with greater values of γ^j), such as the variant marked (i) in Figure 2, will be on average closer to the true causal effect than those from weaker genetic variants, such as the variant marked (ii).