Maternal problem drinking also negatively predicted adolescent-mother communication (β = -.09, p < .05). Paternal problem drinking negatively predicted both adolescent-mother (β = -.15, p < .01) and adolescent-father communication (β = -.13, p < .01). In turn, adolescent-father communication positively predicted adolescent rule breaking (β = .39, p < .001) and aggressive behavior (β = .29, p < .05), but not any of the substance use outcomes. Adolescent-mother communication did not predict adolescent externalizing behaviors.
